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58 pages 1 hour read

The Razor's Edge

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1944

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Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3, Chapter 1 Summary

Ten years pass before Maugham meets Larry or Isabel again. He encounters Elliott from time to time and through him keeps up with Isabel’s life, but Elliott neither knows nor cares what is happening to Larry. Many years later, Larry will tell Maugham what he did during those 10 years. Maugham recounts part of the story here for the sake of continuity:

After parting with Isabel, Larry goes to work in a coal mine. In the mining town, he shares a boardinghouse room with a Polish miner called Kosti who drinks too much and cheats at cards—but when drunk, Kosti talks about the nature of reality and union with God. The spring comes, and Kosti asks Larry if he wants to get out of the mining town. Larry agrees, and the two of them set off hiking through Belgium and Germany. By day, Kosti teaches Larry German, and by night, when Kosti is drunk, he talks eloquently of Ecstasy and the Ineffable and the Dark Night of the Soul. This reference to the Dark Night of the Soul foreshadows the end of Chapter 2 in which Larry will walk alone through the night and arrive at the dawn with a new purpose.

Part 3, Chapter 2 Summary

Nearing mid-summer, Larry and Kosti find a farmer, Herr Becker, who is willing to take them on as laborers. The farmer’s wife, Frau Becker, is attracted to Larry. Becker’s widowed daughter-in-law, Ellie, also lives in the house, and the women despise each other. One night, Larry is asleep in his bed in the hayloft when he feels a soft body pressed against him. He assumes it is Frau Becker. Larry doesn’t want to make a scene or hurt her feelings, and he is a healthy young man with all the usual instincts, so he does what he feels is expected of him and has sex with her.

After the woman leaves, Larry realizes she wasn’t Frau Becker but Ellie, who is likely to make trouble for him just to spite Frau Becker. Without waking Kosti, Larry shoves his few belongings into his rucksack and strikes out on his own, walking alone through the dark night until, at dawn, he comes to the next village.

Part 3, Chapters 3-5 Summary

After Larry’s departure, Isabel marries Gray Maturin in June about the same time Larry is tramping through Germany. They have two children, and Gray’s father makes him a partner in the firm. Elliott likens them to the merchant princes of the Italian Renaissance and predicts that someday, the royalty of Europe will think nothing of marrying American “dollar princesses” (that is, daughters of American millionaires).

In Europe, society has changed. The wealthy and illustrious people whom Elliott once knew are gone. The young glitterati who have taken their place find him insignificant and ridiculous, and the people he’d helped to get on in society now look down their noses at him. Elliott is taken aback to find himself at parties, rubbing elbows with such low persons as politicians, journalists, and descendants of aristocratic families who have stooped to marry shopkeepers’ daughters. It is no longer the Paris that Elliott loved.

Elliott’s investments have doubled in value in the last few years. His assets are managed by Henry Maturin. Henry has been convinced by his son Gray to invest more aggressively in the rapidly expanding market. Fortunately for Elliott, his friends at the Vatican forewarn him of the coming stock market crash. Trusting in the infallibility of the Church, he immediately sells out. With the profits, he leaves the declining society of Paris and buys a house on the French Riviera. There, he entertains the royalty of Europe in great magnificence and the best of taste. That is the state of things when the New York stock market collapses in October 1929.

With the market crash, the Maturins and Elliott’s sister are financially wiped out. Unable to find work as a broker in the wake of the crash, Gray has a “nervous breakdown” with debilitating headaches. Elliott offers them the use of his Paris apartment with all their expenses paid.

Part 3 Analysis

Kosti introduces Larry to mysticism. This will turn Larry’s quest from one of simple knowledge to a more direct attempt to understand the nature of God and reality. Externally, Larry is still passive. It is Kosti who prompts him to move on and who dictates their course and plans. In the incident with Ellie, it is another example of Larry’s passivity. He is oblivious to the two women’s rivalry for his attention. When Ellie instigates the encounter, he simply goes along to avoid conflict.

When Larry recognizes the potential for trouble arising from the episode, he finally takes an action to move himself forward without an invitation or permission from anyone else. His dark night of the soul signifies his transformation from passivity to action. From now on, Larry will more actively decide where he goes and what he does.

Isabel and Elliott have both achieved their ambitions. Elliott is at last a lion of high society. Isabel has children, a husband who adores her, and a gracious life full of clothes and cars and multiple houses. Elliott provides an element of irony with his remark that the royalty of Europe will soon think nothing of marrying the daughters of American millionaires. Then he turns up his nose at the titled people who have done just that, characterizing the girls in question as “shopkeepers’ daughters” (who, for the classist Elliot, are a metaphor for inferiority). Elliott’s association with the Church—representing the spiritual rather than the material—saves him from ruin when the market crashes. After the crash, Elliott demonstrates his generous side by establishing Isabel and her family in the Paris apartment with all expenses paid. 

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