62 pages • 2 hours read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide discusses racism, anti-gay biases, and suicide.
Monk gets a call from his agent, who is frustrated after reading My Pafology. The agent says that he gets that it is parody but that publishers will be offended. Monk tells him to send it out anyway, and if publishers do not understand the satire, it will be their fault.
Monk works on his carpentry, making a nightstand for his mother, and he feels like his sister is watching him as he works. Simultaneously, he thinks of Foucault’s theories on language. He recalls that when he was a teenager, he was playing basketball and thinking about Hegel’s theories on history. His teammates mocked him about it.
Later, he speaks to Bill on the phone and asks for financial assistance for their mother’s care. Bill says his salary is not even enough for him. Bill suggests firing Lorraine and selling their mother’s house to raise some money. Monk hangs up.
The next morning, Monk’s agent calls and tells him he sent My Pafology to Random House, and that they offered $600,000 for it. Monk cannot believe it. The agent says the editor described the book as “true to life,” as well as “raw and honest” (136). Monk thinks it is outrageous. However, he accepts the deal and tells his agent to represent him. Still, Monk feels “stranded” and furious that the literary industry can accept “such demeaning and soul-destroying drivel” (137). While the money will certainly be useful, My Pafology posits him at odds with his art, and he wonders about the reality of words.
Bill calls in the middle of the night to ask Monk how long he’s known that Bill is gay. Bill says he loves his children, and he wonders how their father might have reacted to his sexuality. Bill wants to tell their mother that he is gay, but Monk tells him she will not remember it.
Later, at his mother’s house, he finds Lorraine outside, saying that his mother does not recognize her and locked her outside. Afterward, Monk takes his mother to the doctor, who says she is at the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease.
Monk wonders what his father stored in a secret box he owned. He remembers that, as a boy, he asked his father if he could ever tell somebody else’s secret. His father replied to “never betray confidence” (145). Monk opens his father’s box and finds some letters addressed to his father by a woman named Fiona. Monk discovers that Fiona was his father’s lover and they had an affair for years.
In the first letter, from the year 1955, Fiona writes that her mother had a stroke. She says it’s been six months since she saw Benjamin, Monk’s father. She wishes that his family is well and thinks his wife must be a great woman. She writes that she loves him and that she might visit New York to see him again. The second letter reveals that Fiona and Benjamin had spent time together in Korea during the war. In the third letter, Fiona writes that she is afraid her letters might cause trouble for him. She says her mother’s health is getting worse. The following letters reveal that the two lovers met again in New York, and that Fiona was white and British. In the final letters, Fiona writes that she was pregnant but did now want to disturb Benjamin’s family. She had a girl whose name is Gretchen.
Monk also finds an unaddressed letter written by his father to Gretchen. Benjamin writes that he did not know how to find her because Fiona disappeared from his life. He writes that she has three siblings and he loves her. He wishes he had left his wife for Fiona; he writes that Monk is close to Gretchen’s age and he loves him best. Benjamin is sorry he does not know anything about her and wonders if she can forgive him.
Through the letters, Monk sees a “voice” of his father’s that he never knew. He is not angry about these revelations; he sympathizes with his father but is concerned about his mother’s feelings. He is amazed that he has a sister he never knew about.
Monk thinks about his family. His mother never went to college and Monk assumes she felt inadequate because of this. He thinks she could understand his feelings of “alienation and isolation” (152). Monk notes that his parents kept a certain distance from their children and one another. He believes their relationship impacts his own relationships. He imagines that his mother’s would be pained if she read his father’s letters.
Monk speaks with his agent, Yul, who tells him that the editor of Random House wants to speak to him. Monk says he will call her and speak to her as Stagg R. Leigh. He tells Yul to tell the editor that he has just come out of prison and cannot speak much.
Monk recalls family time at their beach house once again. He remembers their neighbor, Professor Tillman, and strolls by the beach with his father.
Thinking of his novels, Monk characterizes himself as “a stereotype of the radical” (155). Though he is trying to explore new forms of narrative, he realizes that his work is hinged on certain traditions.
Monk calls and speaks with the editor, Paula. She tells him that she loves the book and wants to know more about him. He avoids her questions and tells her she can speak to Yul. Later, he learns from Yul that the book will appear in the New York Times and Paula wants him to speak on TV. Monk laughs.
When he receives an advance of his money, he wants to take his mother on vacation. She says they can go to the beach house they used to visit. Monk says they will also take Lorraine along. He calls Bill to invite him, but he says he cannot come because he is going to court with his wife. Monk feels that his family is collapsing.
While driving to the beach with his mother and Lorraine, Monk thinks about his parody novel. He feels troubled and thinks of himself as a “sell-out.” When they arrive at the beach house, he sees the beach guard, Maynard, and they recognize each other. Monk spends time at the beach thinking about his Stagg R. Leigh “performance.” Then, he sees a woman outside Tillman’s house. The woman is Marilyn Tillman, the professor’s niece. They introduce themselves and Marilyn says her uncle often spoke about the Ellisons. Monk is headed to the grocery store, and she joins him. He finds her attractive, which makes him nervous.
Ten days pass at the beach house and Monk spends time with Marilyn. She also meets his mother and Lorraine, and Monk’s mother likes Marilyn. Monk and Marilyn sit on the dock one night and Marilyn says his mother told her about a new book of his coming out. Monk says it is not quite ready yet. Marilyn tells him that she once read a book by him. Monk has learned that Marilyn is a federal defender and he thinks she resembles Lisa, trying to do important work. Later, they kiss.
Early one morning, Monk hears Lorraine calling him. His mother has taken the boat out alone and has drifted into the sea. Monk swims out to her as the neighbors watch. He understands that his mother’s disease is advancing.
Then, Monk inserts a story into his journal about a Black man named Tom who participates in a quiz show called Virtute et Armis. He did well in the initial exams but gives a made-up last name. When he goes in for makeup before the show, he is told that he is not “dark enough” and the makeup artists put dark makeup on him. The show starts, and the presenter tells Tom that he can be “a credit to [his] race” (175). Tom’s opponent on the show is a white man. Tom answers all the difficult questions posed to him but the white man, who has easier questions, cannot respond to anything. The audience and the presenter are disappointed when Tom wins.
For Monk, My Pafology reflects his artistic frustration with Racism in the Publishing Industry and Popular Culture. Through this novel, he intends to make the stereotypes around Black culture evident. He asks his agent to submit the novel for publication, hoping that the editors will understand that it is parody and become more attuned to their own preconceptions about Black writing. However, in a turn of events, My Pafology is quickly accepted for publication and hailed as a true representation of the Black experience. Monk finds himself accepting the editor’s deal because of his financial problems, but this also exacerbates his inner distress. He resents his novel and feels “a great deal of hostility towards an industry so eager to seek out and sell such demeaning and soul destroying drivel” (137). Monk expresses this frustration through the story of Tom, a Black man who defeats a white man on a quiz show on television. Tom feels “like a clown” when the producers put darker makeup on him to appeal to the audience (175). The show hosts tell Tom that his success would be “a credit to [his] race” (175). Despite their racist treatment, Tom wins, but the audience is not ready to accept his victory over a white man. Through this short interlude, Monk criticizes the racial prejudice that limits Black people’s narratives and refuses to see them as intelligent and complex.
While the money that Monk gets from his book advance helps him deal with his financial obligations, he feels that he is dying as an author and artist by accepting it. This brings up the theme of The Complex Relationship Between Language, Identity, and Art. My Pafology’s success forces Monk to rethink his relationship with literature, and he is perplexed about how his work connects to his own self. He sees the “irony” in writing a stereotypical novel that now has a life of its own and eludes the control of its creator; Monk compares language to woodworking, which to him is more specific and definite than language. The theme extends when Monk discovers his father’s letters and learns that he had an affair. The letters become another interlapping narrative in the text that illuminate part of his father’s life. Through reading these letters, Monk learns things about his father that their relationship did not allow him to. After he reads Benjamin’s letter to his unknown daughter, Monk thinks: “I had read a voice of my father’s that I had not heard directly in life, a tender voice, an open voice” (150). The letter’s language reveals a different “voice” that contrasts with the person Monk thought he knew. Again, Monk wrestles with language’s slipperiness and its ability to shift meaning and understanding.
While Monk is grappling with his understanding of people he thought he knew and with his own identity as a writer, his character crisis is further exacerbated by his invented writer persona, Stagg R. Leigh, who begins to take life. As his editor, Paula, wants to speak to the author of My Pafology, Monk decides to perform as him. In this way, the theme of Satirizing African American Stereotypes in Literature extends beyond the story of My Pafology as Monk makes Stagg R. Leigh a character, too. He asks his agent to say that Leigh used to be in prison. Monk continues with this invented persona while talking with the editor, and as a result, the writer who is Monk slowly takes a backseat while Leigh comes into the fore. While Monk’s initial intention was to make the stereotypes of Black narratives visible, he now feels the process is “killing” him as an author.
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By Percival Everett