logo

53 pages 1 hour read

All The Pretty Horses

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1992

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Page 153-171 Summary

Content Warning: This summary section references sexual violence.

John Grady and Rawlins ride through the countryside as prisoners for three days to Encantada. Rawlins reveals that he asked the other men to get Don Héctor, but he refused to intervene in their arrest, suggesting that John Grady’s affair with Alejandra is the cause. Despite this, he doesn’t intend to leave John Grady.

In Encantada, they’re led to a dark cell that holds two other prisoners: Orlando, an old man who has been imprisoned for months because he cannot read the papers he’s been asked to sign, and Blevins, who has been beaten badly. The old man tells them that Blevins is accused of killing three men, which Blevins disputes. He says that he went back to retrieve his horse and gun, and shot a man in self-defense. Then he shot one of the rurales (rural police) that pursued him as he retrieved his horse. Blevins believes he’ll be sent to the penitentiary, but Rawlins and John Grady suspect he’ll be executed.

The next morning, Rawlins is brought before the captain of the station. When Rawlins refuses to strip for the captain, he is struck by a guard. The captain question Rawlins while he goes through the contents of his wallet, which he believes is stolen, in part because of the bullet hole through everything. The captain insists Blevins is Rawlins’s brother and Rawlins has killed someone as well. When Rawlins denies the accusations, the captain says, “You are very foolish. […] Why do you want to have these troubles?” (165).

John Grady is brought before the captain. John Grady is indignant about the guard attacking Rawlins and needles the captain when he is questioned in the same way. The captain asks about Blevins’s lack of documents, and John Grady explains what he knows. The captain again asserts that John Grady is lying, to which John Grady responds “Well, you have it your own ignorant way” (168). The captain explains that this is the one opportunity they have to tell the truth; they are going to a penitentiary in Saltillo, and it will be too late when they get there. He also insists that Blevins would not have killed anyone unless he was a violent criminal by nature.

Back in the cell, Rawlins suspects that the captain is trying to make a deal with them to stay quiet about his intention to execute Blevins extralegally. Blevins asks them what they told the captain and suggests they could have put in a good word for him. Rawlins berates Blevins viciously, and John Grady tells him to let it go. Later, Rawlins wonders aloud how their horses are doing.

Pages 172-186 Summary

Three days later, the boys are loaded into a pickup truck, accompanied by the captain and several guards. They begin the daylong journey to Saltillo. At midday, they stop near Cuatro Ciénegas and order the boys out of the truck. A guard comes to take Blevins away with the captain. Before he is led off, Blevins takes off his boot and pulls out his money, which he gives to John Grady. The guard marches Blevins into the wilderness. John Grady and Rawlins stand aghast until they hear one gunshot, then another. Only the captain and the guard return, and they drive on.

At Saltillo, the captain tells them that the guard who led Blevins off is the brother of one of Blevins’s victims; the guard had a failure of nerve and paid the captain to shoot Blevins. The captain warns the boys that they must “make arrangements” to leave, otherwise they will die in Saltillo, which will lead to problems for him. The boys have no money for a bribe. John Grady insists that the captain didn’t have to kill Blevins. The captain relates a story: When he was young, he and his friends went out drinking, and everyone in the group had sex with a woman, but when his turn came, she refused. It is heavily implied that he raped or killed the woman, because “A man cannot go out to do some thing and then he go back. Why he go back? Because he change his mind? A man does not change his mind” (181).

The boys are led to a cell, and in the morning, their names are not on the prison roster, a troubling sign to Rawlins. They spend the next several days fighting constantly with other prisoners, and they are badly hurt. John Grady insists they have “to kill us or let us be. There aint no middle ground” (183). By the end of the third day, things calm down, and they buy some clothes and food with Blevins’s money. They observe a cinderblock house in one corner of the prison and wonder who lives there. 

Pages 186-202 Summary

Two days later, the man who lives in the house, Emilio Pérez, summons them. Pérez, who claims he is in prison because of political enemies, says that Americans don’t have a good time in Saltillo and suggests they bribe him to get them out. Pérez insists that they must trust him or they will die in Saltillo.

The next day, Rawlins is attacked by a man with a knife. He’s badly wounded, and John Grady helps him to the guards, who take him away. Alone, John Grady waits for the cuchillero (knife-wielder) who will come for him next and learns what he can about the prison’s factions. After several days of no word on Rawlins, John Grady goes back to Pérez.

Pérez is cagey about Rawlins’s condition and jokingly asks to hear stories of John Grady’s life of crime. Really, he wants his bribe. John Grady insists that they don’t have the money, and Pérez claims all Americans have a rich relative and says that John Grady needs to act before the authorities find a crime to pin on him. He explains that Americans are misguided about good and evil, reveals that Rawlins is alive, and warns John Grady that he cannot control everything that happens in the prison.

John Grady finds an Indigenous man who agrees to sell him a knife. He gives the man the last of Blevins’s money, and they meet later in the day at a spot where the knife has been buried. He inspects the blade, then the dinner horn is called.

In the cafeteria, he sits at a table with a boy who bears gang tattoos. John Grady realizes the boy will be his attacker. The guards leave, and John Grady waits for the boy to rise. A vicious fight ensues as the boy uses his metal cafeteria tray and a knife to batter and slash at John Grady. John Grady fights back just as aggressively, but is slashed several times and collapses. When the boy reaches to slit John Grady’s throat, John Grady plunges his knife into the boy’s heart and breaks off the handle. As he stumbles away from the scene, John Grady is met by Pérez’s man, who carries John Grady to the house.

Pages 202-217 Summary

John Grady wakes in a dark room. A demandadero (prison servant) attends to him and brings him food. Over several days, John Grady thinks of his father’s time in a prisoner of war camp; he didn’t previously want to know what happened during that time, but now he does. Realizing that he’ll probably never see his father again and does not know what will happen with Alejandra, he “thought about horses and they were always the right thing to think about” (204).

A doctor visits and changes his dressings, then a man in military dress who wants to see if he can walk. John Grady isn’t sure how much time passes, but he is eventually led to the office of the comandante, who hands him an envelope full of money and tells him he’s free to go.

John Grady is reunited with Rawlins, and the two are put on a bus. They don’t speak of their predicament and get off in the center of town. John Grady buys them food, and as they eat, he presumes that the money is from Dueña Alfonsa and correctly assumes that Alejandra set up their release. Rawlins reveals that he saw a boy die in the hospital and that he wasn’t kept under guard and could have left at any time, but he didn’t. When John Grady says he knew Rawlins wouldn’t leave him, Rawlins says “That dont mean it aint dumb” (210).

Rawlins knows John Grady will go back for Alejandra and their horses and doesn’t try to stop him. John Grady doesn’t want Rawlins to come this time. Rawlins cries over Blevins and the possibility of John Grady being killed in the same way.

They get a hotel, and John Grady tries to give Rawlins half the money. He refuses. They talk about God, and John Grady expresses guilt over the boy he killed, even though he had no choice. The next morning, they buy new clothes, and John Grady sees Rawlins onto a bus back to the United States.

Part 3 Analysis

In this section, the boys face dire punishment for their actions throughout the first half of the book, setting up the theme of The Tragic Consequences of Flaunting Cultural Mores. In their case, the transgressions are twofold: associating with Blevins and believing that his reclamation of his horse was justified, and failing to respect Don Héctor’s supremacy over his property and his family. Even after finding themselves in the grip of a chaotic justice system in which whatever power says is truth is the truth, the boys continue to flaunt their captors, which only worsens their fate. The facts of the matter are irrelevant next to the captain’s desire to restore order and punish Blevins, and the truth of their situation does not protect them from Pérez’s extortion.

The execution of Blevins is a sharp turning point in the novel that marks the end of the carefree life John Grady and Rawlins have been living. Even people they thought they could trust—like Don Héctor—will not protect them. John Grady’s irreverence toward social convention has endangered him and his friends. They now know that they’re in the custody of a man who will extralegally murder a child and leave his body in the desert; they also become aware of how powerless they are to stop it. This realization haunts them and sets up a choice between either submitting to authority or continuing in defiance. The boys choose defiance, emphasizing their Belief in Virtue in a Compromised World.

Two figures embody the authority that the boys struggle against: the captain, who is the only character in the novel who is presented as purely villainous, and Pérez, who is an opportunist who claims to be a political prisoner. Both figures challenge the boys’ notions of how the world works, and operate within the specific sociopolitical context of northern Mexico during a time when the authoritarian impulse after the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 led authority figures to suppress resistance through harsh punishment. The captain is the instrument of that authority, and Pérez is the savvy profiteer navigating its cracks. Both believe that masculinity demands unwavering strength and a commitment to succeeding in the world as it is, not as it could be. The captain’s chilling story best exemplifies this: He would rather abuse a woman than be seen changing his mind.

What both men most want from John Grady and Rawlins is for them to conform: pay the bribe like good Americans or submit to the captain’s version of events and admit that Blevins is violent by nature instead of a young, traumatized child. That the boys refuse is the primary reason their situation escalates. Pérez presses John Grady about his commitment to his ideals and attributes it to his naivete about the reality of the world (and Mexico in particular): “Evil is a true thing in Mexico. It goes about on its own legs. Maybe someday it will come to visit you. Maybe it already has” (195). Pérez’s warning is not meant to suggest that evil didn’t exist in the United States, but that the boys are no longer in a world they understand or that affords them privileges that might inure them to danger.

Though both boys survive their ordeal, they both exit the prison with new questions and deep trauma. By killing someone, John Grady has compromised himself by submitting to the violent world of the captain and Pérez; that it was in self-defense is small comfort. Rawlins is shaken by his inability to walk away from his friend even after nearly dying, but his loyalty ultimately holds. John Grady is the one who has to send him home, but even then, Rawlins protests, refusing to take half the money. McCarthy offers subtle hints at the damage between them, particularly when John Grady sees Rawlins off and he “thought [Rawlins would] take a seat at the window but he didn’t. He sat on the other side of the bus and John Grady stood for a while and then turned” (216). Though he doesn’t say it, Rawlins seems relieved to be going home.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
Unlock IconUnlock all 53 pages of this Study Guide

Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.

Including features:

+ Mobile App
+ Printable PDF
+ Literary AI Tools